Determining the Winner
A baseball game is played between two teams of nine players each, under the guidance of a head coach and officiated by one or more umpires. The team that scores more runs by the end of the official number of innings (typically nine) is declared the winner.
Pre-Game Preparation
Umpires' Responsibilities
Equipment Inspection: Ensure that all equipment and player gear meet official standards.
Field Marking: Check that all field lines are clearly marked using lime, chalk, or other approved materials.
Game Balls: Examine the balls provided by the host or home team to confirm they meet regulations. Each must be sealed and bear an official association mark.
Ball Supply: Confirm that at least one dozen (12) baseballs are available for use throughout the game.
Spare Balls: Umpires must have at least two spare balls during the game and replenish them as needed.
When to Use a Spare Ball
A ball is hit out of play or into the stands.
A ball becomes discolored or damaged.
The pitcher requests a new ball.
Rosin Bag: Before the game, ensure a properly approved rosin bag is placed behind the pitcher's mound.
Penalty: If a player illegally alters the ball (e.g., using foreign substances like dirt, resin, wax, licorice, sandpaper), the ball will be confiscated, and the offending player ejected. If the pitcher throws the ball before the umpire identifies the violator, the pitcher may be suspended for up to 10 games.
Note: Non-pitching substitutes entering the game due to injury are allowed up to five warm-up throws.
Runner Substitution
Starting lineup players may not run bases for other players.












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