The concept of these three elements originates from Eastern philosophy, which views the universe as composed of heaven, earth, and humanity-regarded as the source of all life. Among these, Koreans place the highest importance on humanity.
This philosophical concept is reflected in the Taekwondo uniform: the jacket represents heaven, the pants represent earth, and the belt represents humanity. A person, as the unity of these elements, becomes a world of harmony.
The belt comes in five colors: white, yellow, blue, red, and black. The foundational colors are yellow, blue, and red. White and black derive from the philosophy of Yin and Yang, symbolizing opposites such as sun and moon, day and night, and the beginning and end.
The meanings of these five colors are rooted in the theory of Yin-Yang and the Five Elements. Yin and Yang represent the fundamental forces governing the interactions of all life in the universe. The Five Elements-fire, water, wood, metal, and earth-explain the cycle of birth and death and the dynamic harmony of all things. Within the human body, these elements correspond to the heart, kidneys, lungs, liver, and spleen.
In Taekwondo, the belt system progresses from the ninth level (kup) to the ninth dan. The number nine symbolizes the total of the five elements plus heaven, earth, and Yin-Yang. The levels descend from nine to one, while the dan ranks ascend from one to nine. This structure reflects Eastern beliefs: that all life originates from heaven, exists on earth, and eventually returns to its source.
In the dan system, nine is also the highest number. Through training, practitioners can gather and circulate internal energy (qi), enhancing five types of qi. Qi is seen as the origin of an unending source of life.
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